- How would you compare progressivism with earlier reform movements?
Your answer:
Because progressivism sprang from the American reform tradition, its assumptions and goals were identical to those of earlier movements.
Unlike earlier reformers, progressives thought of government as a major ally.
Progressive reformers were much more individualistic than earlier reformers had been.
Progressivism focused on solving racial problems more than economic problems.
Earlier movements had been limited to political reform, while the progressives concentrated on social and economic reform.
- Why did the number of professional organizations, and the membership in them, increase markedly during the first two decades of the twentieth century?
Your answer:
The middle class viewed such organizations as the best way to impress the old aristocratic families.
Such organizations provided a sense of professional identity for the white-collar middle class.
Such organizations helped to provide the middle class with an entrée into local political organizations.
Many professions were on the decline and formed organizations to protect themselves.
Until the twentieth century, professional organizations were looked upon as badges of shame or poverty.
- "Taylorism" meant
Your answer:
adopting progressive reforms in an effort to make business more humane.
trying to increase efficiency by standardizing job routines and rewarding the fastest workers.
combining several competing corporations into one larger holding company.
narrowing the scope of a business so that it could focus on the core areas it understood best.
providing workers with better wages and working conditions in an effort to prevent government regulation or outside unionization.
- Which statement about the progressive movement is correct?
Your answer:
Progressives wanted to use the powers of government to restrain big business and protect the economically vulnerable.
Most progressives rejected the capitalist system, preferring a system based on cooperation for the good of the whole community.
Like the earlier populist movement, the progressive movement was primarily agrarian-based.
Progressives respected civil liberties so highly that they rejected any legislation that dealt with people's personal morals such as their sexual activities, drinking, and choice of entertainment.
all of these.
- According to John Dewey, schools should
Your answer:
teach self-reliance, hard work, and honesty.
serve as the handmaidens of industry by teaching subjects that were most needed by the business world.
become the instruments of reform by embracing the new ethic of social interdependence.
preserve the role of the teacher as the unquestioned authority.
guard against experimentalism.
- What legal philosophy was Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., propounding when he said, "The life of the law has not been logic; it has been experience"?
Your answer:
In a world that was basically irrational, only legal principles were completely logical.
American law was becoming based too much on the whims of judges, and it had to return to its foundations in ancient court cases.
The English laws that had been laid down in the time of Henry IV were the epitome of logic and rightfully the basis of American jurisprudence.
Law has to evolve as society changes and cannot rely exclusively on sacred legal principles and ancient precedents.
all of these.
- What was the goal of urban planners and architects like Daniel Burnham?
Your answer:
to rebuild the typical American city with stronger materials so that a catastrophe like the 1906 San Francisco earthquake and fire would never be repeated
to reroute the flow of railroad and vehicular traffic at grade level directly through the heart of the city, so that all urban dwellers would see and appreciate such symbols of economic progress
to eliminate slums by building low-income housing on previously unused lakefront property
to rebuild the urban landscape with grand boulevards, imposing squares, monumental buildings, and extensive recreational facilities, and thereby restore the public's pride in metropolitan America
to improve highways leading to the suburbs so that merchants could build grand commercial palaces where the people could shop for all their needs
- The "Wisconsin Idea" referred to the
Your answer:
new city-manager and commission forms of municipal government.
attempts of Midwest progressives to limit immigration, stop prostitution, and prohibit the sale of liquor.
municipal ownership of public utilities advocated by Mayor Tom Johnson.
political philosophy originating at the University of Wisconsin that argued that the federal government should assume management of railroads and steamship lines.
program of economic and political reforms by state government pioneered by Governor Robert La Follette.
- What was the fundamental difference between the temperance movement in the Progressive Era and the temperance crusades of earlier eras?
Your answer:
Progressive reformers had greater faith in human nature and therefore believed that temperance could be achieved if individual drunkards abandoned their alcoholic ways.
Temperance in the Progressive Era was a purely secular movement because Protestant ministers refused to have anything to do with typical progressive leaders.
The progressive movement focused on legal abolition of alcohol rather than the persuasion of individual drunkards to "take the pledge."
Progressive Era temperance work stayed on a state and local level and avoided the national political arena.
all of these.
- Booker T. Washington believed that the best way for blacks to improve their status in the United States was to
Your answer:
struggle militantly against all forms of racial discrimination in order to gain educational opportunity.
form a nationwide council to work for federal laws against lynching.
accommodate themselves to segregation and disfranchisement while at the same time working hard and proving their economic value to society.
migrate to the cities and open shops and other small businesses.
leave the United States and return to their African origins.
- Which of the following statements most accurately compares the strategies of Carrie Chapman Catt and Alice Paul?
Your answer:
Paul opposed woman suffrage, arguing that women already had vast behind-the-scenes influence; Catt led the struggle for woman suffrage.
They both favored woman suffrage, but Paul advocated direct pressure on the federal government for a constitutional amendment, while Catt's strategy included lobbying legislators on a state-by-state basis.
Catt opposed woman suffrage, arguing that women already had vast behind-the-scenes influence; Paul led the struggle for woman suffrage.
They both favored woman suffrage, and they both agreed on a militant two-pronged strategy that included simultaneous lobbying of both state and federal legislators.
none of these
- "Corporations and combinations have become indispensable in the business world…it is folly to try to prohibit them, but it is also folly to leave them without thoroughgoing control." This quotation summarizes the position on the big-business question of which politician?
Your answer:
Woodrow Wilson
William McKinley
Theodore Roosevelt
Upton Sinclair
Robert La Follette
- Who said, "I aimed at the nation's heart, but hit it in the stomach"?
Your answer:
Theodore Roosevelt about the four-way election of 1912
Alice Paul, about the practical impact of her campaign for woman suffrage
John D. Rockefeller, about his sponsorship of medical research on venereal disease
"Golden Rule" Jones, about the disgusting conditions he had discovered in Toledo, Ohio
Upton Sinclair, about the revolting descriptions in his novel The Jungle
- What might be considered Theodore Roosevelt's most enduring domestic legacy?
Your answer:
increased public interest in environmental conservation
halting the growth of large and monopolistic corporations
improving racial attitudes in Washington, D.C.
passage of the women's suffrage amendment to the Constitution
cementing the relationship between capital and labor
- Which of the candidates in the 1912 presidential election advocated the most far-reaching changes for American society?
Your answer:
Theodore Roosevelt
Woodrow Wilson
William Howard Taft
Charles Evans Hughes
Eugene Debs